Thursday, February 02, 2017

Some upcoming events, February-June

More events and details might be added after this is posted. 

Internationalist Books is closed

Internationalist Books when it was on West Franklin St.; the Carrboro location seemed larger. ©   

This is old news, but I just found out that Internationalist Books only has an online presence now (www.internationalistbooks.org/).  A current tenant said the Internationalist closed in August and there is an announcement about it from September 7th on their Facebook page (
www.facebook.com/internationalistbooks/).  It was a good place to find and distribute leftist and Marxist literature and petitions.  Many free newspapers were available, including local papers like Chatham County Line, Triangle Free Press, and The Blotter, leftist papers like the Catholic Worker and War Crimes Times, and harder left papers.  Occasionally I found Workers World and Revolutionary Communist Party publications there, and I left Marxist-Leninist magazines (and people even left donations to defray printing costs), and there were papers such as Workers Vanguard, Socialist Viewpoint, Slingshot and sometimes publications from abroad.  At one time its lending library included rare or at least unusual to come across English-language books from socialist Albania.  The West Franklin Street location in Chapel Hill was an important meeting venue relatively close to UNC during the early years of the Iraq War and there were other meetings, such as the local Earth First! branch, LGBT groups, and occasionally the Triangle Socialist Forum.  More recently the store moved to Lloyd Street in Carrboro.  I didn't agree with the Internationalists' overall anarchist and Trotskyist atmosphere, but it was a unique and valuable center for the community.  With the demise of The Know Bookstore (now I'm having trouble remembering the exact name of this bookstore/café near NCCU) and El Kilombo Intergaláctico in downtown Durham and now the Internationalist, there don't seem to be any left bookstores/community centers in central North Carolina, apparently part of a nationwide trend, probably part of the general decline of brick and mortar bookstores.          

City of Durham Budget Priorities Survey

There is an online survey at durhamnc.gov/3020/Budget , open through March 31st, or residents can talk to the City Council at Coffee with Council meetings:

Saturday, February 11, 10 a.m.–noon, Lyon Park Community Family Life and Recreation Center, 1309 Halley St. (PAC 3)

Monday, February 13, 6 p.m.–8 p.m., Durham Public Schools Resource Center, 2107 Hillandale Rd. (PAC 2)

Thursday, March 9, 5:30 p.m.–7:30 p.m., City Hall Committee Room, 101 City Hall Plaza, Second Floor (PAC 5; Spanish translation available) 

Saturday, March 11, 10 a.m.–noon, Campus Hill Recreation Center, 2000 S. Alston Ave. (PAC 4)

Saturday, March 18, 9:30 a.m.–11:30 a.m., Holton Career and Resource Center Child Care Center, 401 N. Driver St., Second Floor (PAC 1)

The Durham Bike+Walk Implementation Plan is also seeking input:  www.durhambikewalkplan.com/  I'm not sure if this is the office involved, but there are planned trails that have been planned for years or decades and have yet to be started, though the land necessary to implement them may be filling up.  

[The DOT is also seeking comments about what needs to be improved along NC 98 from Durham to Franklin County, and this might also include improvements to NC 50 and some other roads:  nc98corridor.com/ ]

State of the City Address

Mayor Bell will give his annual State of the City Address February 28th, 11:30am-1pm, in American Tobacco Campus Bay 7 (318 Blackwell Street).  This is his last year in office, so there will also be an interview with WRAL's Gerald Owens and a retrospective video with the thoughts of people he worked with over the years, and a speech by Greater Durham Chamber of Commerce President and CEO Geoff Durham.  The video of the event will be available on social media and the Durham Television Network, but tickets are required to attend:  durhammag.com/stateofthecity2017/  

Comprehensive Transportation Plan comment period

Comments are requested on the draft comprehensive transportation plan for Durham, Chapel Hill, and Carrboro through February 24th; see www.dchcmpo.org/programs/ctp/default.asp for details. 

Climate Change Solutions for North Carolina

This conference will be Saturday, February 4th 10-5pm at the Church of the Good Shepherd, Shepherd Hall (121 Hillsborough Street, opposite the Old State Capital).  For details, see:  actionnetwork.org/events/climate-change-and-solutions-for-north-carolina?referrer=karen-bearden&source=direct_link 

No Ban.  No Wall.  No Fear.  A Day of Action:  Raleigh

There will be a peaceful demonstration in solidarity with Muslim, Latin@, refugee, and immigrant communities February 4th 12-3pm at Raleigh's Halifax Mall (16 West Jones Street).  For more information see:  www.facebook.com/events/723690511142379/ 

Labor Legislative Conference

The NC State AFL-CIO's annual Labor Legislative Conference, a planning and lobbying event, will be February 7-8 at the Sheraton Raleigh Hotel (421 South Salisbury Street).  See aflcionc.org/ for details.  

Balance and Accuracy in Journalism

        "7:30 PM WEDNESDAY FEB 8 
                                  at
        THE COMMUNITY CHURCH, UU, 
                 106 PUREFOY RD, C.H.
 
   Balance & Accuracy in Journalism                       
                               presents
                          Josh Fox’s 
       HOW TO LET GO OF THE WORLD AND 
LOVE ALL THE THINGS CLIMATE CAN’T CHANGE
 
Stunningly reckless choices and votes mount up in DC, even
as the earth’s temperature and climate destabilization increase.  
What answer does the human spirit bring to such colossal threats?
 
Josh Fox, whose documentary Gasland spotlighted
the dangers of fracking, has produced a large and beautiful 2 hr film 
he calls, 'How to Let Go of the World 
and Love All the Things Climate Can’t Change.'
  See what you think he’s saying.  
 
Chris Barsanti of Film Journal International wrote,
'Fox hits that sweet spot between realism and idealism 
which few of his cinematic eco-activists have so far achieved.' "

From a Chapel Hill activist calendar:

"DEFIANCE: THE NIGHT OF THE FAILED COUP  Documentary by Cüneyt Özdemir, who will introduce film and lead discussion, tells story of  failed coup attempt in Turkey on July 15, 2016,  7 p.m., Thursday, February 2, Duke’s Richard White Auditorium, East Campus, near corner of Main Street and Buchanan Blvd. Sponsored by Duke University Middle East Studies Center (DUMESC), Screen/Society, Program in the Arts of the Moving Image (AMI), AMES Presents, and Duke University Libraries. mideast[at]duke[dot edu].
 
DEMOCRACY FOR SALE SCREENS IN TRIANGLE  Documentary focuses on how North Carolina became a bellwether for how money of a few came to dominate our democracy and what can be done to help stop it. All screenings at 7 p.m. Thursday, February 2, Eno River UU Fellowship, 4907 Garrett Rd. Durham; Friday, February 3, Church of Reconciliation, 110 N. Elliott Rd., Chapel Hill; Tuesday, February 7, Community UCC, 814 Dixie Trail, Raleigh.  Details: www.workingfilms.org/democracy -for-sale-screens-across-nc/, 919-908-7919. 
THE DIVIDED STATES OF AMERICA Part I of a PBS FRONTLINE investigation of partisanship that gridlocked Washington in Obama era, and polarized America that Donald Trump inherits as president. Footage from dozens of interviews with top White House officials, members of Congress from both parties, experienced reporters and other key experts.  6:30 p.m., Friday. February 3, Recyclique, 2811 Hillsborough Road, Durham (park in rear or next door in grocery store lot).  Suggested donation $5 www.communecos.org, yikes.contact[at]gmail[dot com].

A REPORTER’S PERSPECTIVE: ISLAMIC STATE, ASSAD, RUSSIA, AND THE FAILURE OF US POLICY Reese Erlich will discuss growth of Syrian extremist rebel groups, status of  Assad regime, foreign intervention, and failure of US policy and provide analysis and what President Trump will likely face. 6 – 8 p. m., Thursday, February 9, UNC’s FedEx Global Center Nelson Mandela Auditorium, corner of Pittsboro and McCauley Streets (parking under Center). Sponsored by Department of Peace War and Defense. 919-962-3093.

ONGOING VIGILS FOR JUSTICE AND PEACE
Raleigh: Stop the Arms Race and Build a Culture of Peace Vigil, 1st Wednesday of every month, Noon to 1 PM, Century Post Office on Fayetteville St (919-782-0667); Raleigh: End the death penalty (PFADP, AI-USA, NC-ACLU), 5 - 6 PM, Mondays, Central Prison, corner of Hunt Dr and Western Blvd (919-779-1912); Chapel Hill:4:30 - 5:30 PM EST [5-6 PM EDT], Fridays, corner of Elliott Rd and East Franklin St; bring your sign(s) to show your concern or take one from collection (919-942-2535)."


"RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF NC COMMISSION OF INQUIRY ON TORTURE Urge Chapel Hill Town Council's passage of a resolution upholding NC, US, and international law and as a moral issue. In December Carrboro Aldermen and Orange County Commissioners passed such a resolution and Durham's Mayor Bell made a proclamation in support.. Town Council to address at regular meeting in February 13. Sponsored by Orange County Bill of Rights Defense Committee and Orange County Peace Coalition.  919-942-2535.

INDIVIISIBLE  Ruth Backstrom leads discussion about movement of left and right sides joined with goal to build government that works to solve biggest problems. 6:30 p.m., Friday. February 17, Recyclique, 2811 Hillsborough Road, Durham (park in rear or next door in grocery store lot).  Suggested donation $5 www.communecos.org, yikes[dot]contact[atgmaildotcom]."


HKonJ 2017

The Historic Thousands on Jones Street demonstration, organized by the NC NAACP and over 200 other organizations annually since 2006 will be in downtown Raleigh Saturday, February 11th ( hkonj.com/ ).  There will be a mass meeting and worship service, open to all, Friday, February 10th at 7pm at Raleigh's Rush Metropolitan AME Zion Church (see  www.facebook.com/events/401373123588152/ ).   

Friends of the Durham Library book sale in February

The Friends of the Durham Library ( durhamcountylibrary.org/friends/ ) is having a book sale at the Main Library February 11-12, 10am-4pm Saturday and 1-4pm Sunday.  If the weather is bad, the sale will be the weekend of the 18th.  Both days are open to all with the same prices and there will not be a Sunday bag sale.  There doesn't seem to have been very advanced notice about this sale, and it is unclear if it is the annual spring sale or if there will be three sales this year, and they are just trying to reduce the amount of inventory to move out of the Main Library during the renovations.  There are mini satellite sales at other branches all year and the new location at Northgate Mall, beside Sears, will open March 1st, but books can be donated there starting February 14th.    

The Friends of Chapel Hill Public Library will have book sales there April 7-9, September 8-10, and December 1-3 this year; see friendschpl.org/wp/book-sales/ 

Speaking of book sales, Chapel Hill Comics ( www.chapelhillcomics.com/content/ ), a long-running independent bookstore in downtown Chapel Hill, will close for good in late March and probably has sales going on now.  It used to have a variety of comics/graphic novels and related books and merchandise.  I found out about an old variety of Chinese comic, I think called lianhuanhua, that was used in political propagandizing, in a book about world comics styles  I found there (see blogs.princeton.edu/cotsen/2015/06/chinese-illustrated-books/ for pictures). 

Black Marxism:  From Reparations to Du Bois to Black Lives Matter

The Workers World Party Durham Branch is organizing a discussion of WEB Du Bois' book Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880 on Sunday, February 12th 4-6pm in Durham.  Workers World newspaper managing editor LeiLani Dowell will facilitate.  For details, see:  www.facebook.com/events/699516180209513/  

Justice for Berta Caceres in Honduras

The Honduras Solidarity Network is having a webinar February 12 at 5pm EST on the status of the investigation into the murder of Lenca indigenous environmentalist Berta Caceres last March and the overall situation in Honduras; there will be protests around the world in solidarity (to register, see: anymeeting.com/PIID=EC59DC8480463C .  Hillary Clinton helped cause the instability in Honduras by abetting a coup against a leftist leader, but few in the media brought up such problems with her record as secretary of state.     

Duke Energy-Future Plans, Atlantic Coast Gas Pipeline, Gas Plant on Duke Campus? 

The NC Sierra Club Capital Group's February 16th meeting at the Unitarian Universalist Fellowship - Founders Hall (3313 Wade Avenue will feature three speakers on these issues and is open to the public.  The speakers are David Rogers, of the Sierra Club's Beyond Coal campaign; Claire Wang, Duke Student Climate Coalition president; and Deb Self, Southeast coordinator of the Sierra Club's Dirty Fuels campaign.  The meeting will be 7-8:30pm, but there will be refreshments and the room will be open at 6:30.  For more information, see their www.meetup.com group.   

Russian Revolution exhibit at UNC

I can't vouch for the content, but there is an exhibit, "A World on Fire in Flames of Blood:  Narratives of the Russian Revolution," marking the Revolution's 100th anniversary, at UNC's Wilson Library until May 14th.  For more information, see:  blogs.lib.unc.edu/news/index.php/2017/01/russian-revolution-exhibition/

International Polar Bear Day

Polar Bear Day, February 27th, is an annual event to increase awareness of polar bears and the threat posed to them and other species by climate change, such as the disappearance of Artic sea ice.  It was started by Polar Bears International ( polarbearsinternational.org/get-involved/international-polar-bear-day/ ).
 
National Invasive Species Awareness Week

This annual campaign to highlight the harm caused by non-native, invasive species will be February 27-March 3 ( www.nisaw.org/ )

Durham Mardi Gras 2017

There will be a parade starting at 7pm from the bull sculpture in the plaza at 201 Corcoran Street downtown and other events February 28th.  For details see:  www.durhammardigras.com/event/mardi-gras-2017-in-durham/

Communist anniversaries March 5th

Karl Marx was born March 5, 1818 [actually it was May 5th] and JV Stalin died March 5, 1953, though there are doubts about whether that is the exact date, and if he was assassinated by pro-capitalist forces in the Soviet leadership.  Whatever the cause, the USSR declined ideologically and then economically after the 50's, and the leadership gave up pretending to believe in communism, leading to today's capitalist Russia run for oligarchs, though Russian imperialism is still useful in preventing global domination by US and "Western" imperialism. 

Atlantic Coast Pipeline Walk

This two-week event, similar to the annual Pilgrimage for Peace and Justice ( www.wfpse.org/pilgrimage/ [April 9-14th this year, see www.facebook.com/PilgrimageforJustice/?hc_ref=PAGES_TIMELINE&fref=nf ] ), will walk along the route of the proposed Atlantic Coast Pipeline in eastern NC, starting March 4th and lasting two weeks.  For details and registration, see:  2017acpwalk.org/

Durham Arbor Day Celebration 2017

Date and location TBA, but probably in early March; see keepdurhambeautiful.org/our-events/arbor-day/

International Women's Day

International Women's Day is every March 8th; it apparently began in the USA, but is more often celebrated in the ex-socialist bloc today.  The UN's website for the holiday is   www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/international-womens-day while it is given a capitalist spin at www.internationalwomensday.com/

Balance and Accuracy in Journalism

From their announcement:

"7:30 PM WEDNESDAY MARCH 8 
                               at
        THE COMMUNITY CHURCH, UU, 
             106 PUREFOY RD, C.H.
 
   Balance & Accuracy in Journalism                       
                              presents
                       A clear view of 
        abuse of power in NC today 
           DEMOCRACY FOR SALE"

There is a clip online at:  youtu.be/u9DYdm-Dw3o
 
Teaching horticulture in the DPRK and other JC Raulston Arboretum events
 
From NCSU's JC Raulston Arboretum:
 
"Friends of the Arboretum Lecture

'Experiences Teaching at Pyongyang University of Science and Technology in North Korea'
Ted Stephens, Nurseries Caroliniana
 
Thursday, March 9, 2017 - 7:30 PM-9:00 PM

Ted was asked by Pyongyang University of Science and Technology (PUST) to teach a course in ecology and horticulture in North Korea during the fall of 2016. He will review his experiences there and how he interacted with the students. All of the teaching is done in English. The top English speaking students in North Korea are given the opportunity to attend this university where professors are recruited from around the world. The native plant material will be examined as well as agricultural practices observed there. A visit to the DMZ will be shown from a unique perspective: from the north rather than the south. Pictures and videos will be shown that have probably never been seen in the outside world.
Cost
Free for Friends of the JC Raulston Arboretum members, NC State University students (with ID), and Department of Horticultural Science faculty and staff, all others $5.00.
Registration
Advance registration is not available.
Location
Ruby C. McSwain Education Center, JC Raulston Arboretum at NC State University, 4415 Beryl Road, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Parking
Free parking is available at the JC Raulston Arboretum and along Beryl Road.
Questions
Please call (919) 513-7005 for more information about this lecture."

Also of interest:

"North American Rock Garden Society (Piedmont Chapter) Lecture 
 Cohosted by the Piedmont Chapter of the North American Rock Garden Society and the JC Raulston Arboretum
"Creating a New Ecosystem: the Development of a Piedmont Prairie"
Annabel Renwick, Sarah P. Duke Gardens
Saturday, March 18
10:00 AM (reception begins at 9:30 AM)"


"Gardening Adventures with Extension Master Gardener Volunteers Cohosted by the Extension Master Gardeners and the JC Raulston Arboretum
"Wildflower Havens of Wake County ... and How Geology Influences Them"
Hughen Nourse, Wake County Extension Master Gardener
Monday, March 27
10:00 AM"


"JC Raulston Arboretum Plant Sale Part of Raulston Blooms!
Friday, March 31
4:00 PM-7:00 PM (members-only preview sale)"


From the NC NAACP's Forward Together Moral Movement:

"Vigil to Stop the Deportation of Lilian Cardona-Perez

Saturday, March 11, 2017
4:30 p.m.
William Chapel A.M.E Zion Church
448 W. Church St. Angier, NC
Join us for a vigil to stop the immoral and unlawful deportation of Lilian Cardona-Perez, a mother of five who is scheduled to be deported on March 16th despite the fact that she has a work VISA that does not expire until October 25th."

 
Sandhills Clean Energy Summit 2017

This conference on sustainability and climate change will be March 10-11 at Fayetteville Technical Community College (2856 Fort Bragg Road, Fayetteville).  For details, see:  www.sustainablesandhills.org/sandhills-clean-energy-summit

International Days of Action Against War and Islamophobia

The Hands Off Syria Coalition is organizing events against warmongering policies, often directed at Muslim-majority countries, and vilification of Muslims March 11-19th.  For more information, see: www.handsoffsyriacoalition.net/  The week ends on the anniversary of the 2003 Iraq War. 

Sol Train free solar power assessments

There will be events on solar power installation and people can sign up for free home assessments across the state in March.  The Sol Train will stop in Raleigh on March 14th, Durham March 16th, Cary March 23rd, and in Greensboro on March 30th.  For details see:  soltrain.us/#about

From a Chapel Hill activist calendar: 

"EARLY TRUMPISM: FALLOUT AND PUSHBACK Speaker Nancy Milio, Professor Emeritus of Nursing and Professor Emeritus of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, leader in public health policy and education. 1:15 p.m., Monday, March 13, Carol Woods’ Assembly Hall, 750 Weaver Dairy Road. Sponsored by Elders for Peace.  judybellin [ at gmail dot com].  
 
ORANGE COUNTY TRANSIT PLAN AND FUTURE CHOICES Craig Benedict; Orange County Planning Director on County’s Plan; and Panel on new and projected population growth areas; comparison of light rail, bus rapid transit, and feeder bus service. Give input. Organized by Chapel Hill Alliance for a Livable Town and Orange County Voice. 5:30 – 7:30 p.m., Tuesday, March 14, Chapel Hill Public Library, 100 Library Drive. info [at chalt dot com ].
ROLE OF HUMAN KINDNESS FOUNDATION  Co-directors Catherine Dumas and Sita Lozoff discuss organization's purposes and working in prisons all over the world.  HKF, founded by Bo and Sita Lozoff, is a non-profit NC organization that stresses  a way of life based upon three common principles: simple living, dedication to service, and  commitment to personal spiritual practice. 1:15 p.m., Monday, March 20, Carol Woods’ Assembly Hall, 750 Weaver Dairy Road. Sponsored by Elders for Peace.  judybellin [at gmail ] 
BOLIN CREEK UNPAVED: SAVING CARRBORO'S LAST FOREST   Screening and discussion of local film exploring diversity and beauty of Carrboro’s riparian forest and controversy surrounding its conservation, a story about every town facing  issue of development versus conservation, how wild places add to  quality of life more than “more pavement.” https://www.facebook.com/events/260421224415096/.  5:45 - 7:15 p.m., Monday, March 20, UNC’s Carroll Hall, School of Media and Journalism, Park Library Room 111.. http://parklibrary.mj.unc.edu/about/maps/.  Sponsored by UNC's Environmental Honors Fraternity. carmenatwater [at gmail dot com] 

11TH ANNUAL PEOPLE'S LEGISLATIVE ADVOCACY DAY Join NAACP members and Forward Together Moral Movement supporters from across the state to take demands to People's House on Jones Street, Raleigh. Make your voice heard at NC General Assembly during a day of direct advocacy at offices of elected officials.  8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Tuesday, March 21, 16 West Jones Street, Raleigh. RSVP: 
 https://www.facebook.com/events/257801758005381/.

ONGOING VIGILS FOR JUSTICE AND PEACE
Raleigh: Stop the Arms Race and Build a Culture of Peace Vigil, 1st Wednesday of every month, Noon to 1 PM, Century Post Office on Fayetteville St (919-782-0667); Raleigh: End the death penalty (PFADP, AI-USA, NC-ACLU), 5 - 6 PM, Mondays, Central Prison, corner of Hunt Dr and Western Blvd (919-779-1912); Chapel Hill:4:30 - 5:30 PM EST [5-6 PM EDT], Fridays, corner of Elliott Rd and East Franklin St; bring your sign(s) to show your concern or take one from collection (919-942-2535)."

Durham Creek Week 2017

Durham's annual Creek Week will be March 18-25, 2017; the schedule will be posted at keepdurhambeautiful.org as it gets closer to March.  

Swift Creek Week

There will be events throughout the week of March 18-25 around Swift Creek in Wake County.  Swift Creek is a source of drinking water and flows through several parks, including Hemlock Bluffs Nature Preserve, where a relict population of Eastern hemlocks remains from the ice ages.  Swift Creek is also home to endangered dwarf wedgemussels, possibly at risk from an expressway, which I plan to post more about later this year.  For the schedule of events, see:  riverguardfdn.org/swift-creek-week.html

Forsyth Creek Week

Forsyth County's Creek Week is March 25-April 2nd with many events each day in the Winston-Salem area.  For details, see: www.forsythcreekweek.org

Anniversary of the Iraq War
 
The official date seems to be March 20, 2003, but according to Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq) air attacks to prepare for an invasion were already being launched on the 19th, and the US bombed Iraq for many years before 2003.  Under Bill Clinton the US tried to provoke Iraq enough to justify war, but it was left to GW Bush to launch.  Just as Obama and the Democrats left legal room for a renewal of torture policies under Trump, Trump may launch wars Obama helped set up.     

World Water Day March 22nd

Begun by the UN in 1993, this is an annual event to increase awareness of the importance of freshwater and managing it sustainably (see:  www.un.org/en/events/waterday/index.shtml ). 

National Farmworker Awareness Week

Farmworker Awareness Week, March 24-31, is a week of action on farmworkers issues that has been marked for almost 20 years.  For moore information and materials, see:   saf-unite.org/content/national-farmworker-awareness-week

Talk on Islam's history in Durham

The author of a book on the Muslim history of Durham will speak and sign books Sunday, March 26th 3-5pm at the Hayti Heritage Center (804 Old Fayetteville Street). 

Support Palestine in DC!  Protest AIPAC

The ANSWER Coalition and other groups are organizing a demonstration March 26th 12-5pm in Washington, DC to protest the American Israel Public Affairs Committee's annual convention.  There will be a march from the White House to the Convention Center.  For more information, see:  www.answercoalition.org/support_palestine_in_d_c_protest_aipac

Boot the Braids from UNC-Chapel Hill!

There will be a march from UNC's Polk Place to the Wendy's in the Graham Union building (209 South Road), March 27th at 12pm, to protest Wendy's lack of participation in Coalition of Immokalee Workers' Fair Food Program that has improved conditions from tomato pickers in Florida.  Its major competitors (Burger King, McDonald's, Subway, and Yum! Brands) participate, but Wendy's sources its tomatoes from Mexico, which CIW says means the farmworkers are at risk of slavery, child labor, sexual harassment, etc. while Wendy's can undercut its competitors using this degraded labor.  This is part of CIW's Human Rights Tour, March 16-29th across the country, but this is the only event listed in NC (see www.boycott-wendys.org/tour-schedule/).  For more information, contact Yaissy Solis at 239 692 1482 or yaissy at sfalliance [dot org].  #boycottwendys

2017 NC Breathe Conference

This is a public policy conference on the economics and health impacts of air pollution, to be held Tuesday, March 28th at the NC Museum of Natural Sciences in downtown Raleigh.  For details, see ncbreatheconference.org/   

Evelyn McNeill Sims Native Plant Lecture at the NC Botanical Garden

From ncbg.unc.edu/annual-lectures/ :

Designing with Native Plants: A Naturalistic Approach
 Lisa Wagner, Plant Ecologist
Sunday, April 2; 2:30 p.m. 


 Using nature as inspiration for creating naturalistic gardens is key to creating sustainable and enjoyable gardens with native plants. Naturalistic landscapes are both pleasing, as conventional gardens become more reflective of natural gardens, but also ecologically balanced, providing sustenance for you, and for fellow inhabitants of your site.

Lisa Wagner served as Director of Education at the South Carolina Botanical Garden, Clemson University for over 2 decades. She does frequent presentations and classes on topics including gardening for nature, creating a native woodland garden, and native plants for pollinators. A plant ecologist by background (Ph.D. in Botany, UC Berkeley), she’s involved with neighborhood greening efforts, sustainable gardening, and naturalistic garden design. Her blog, Natural Gardening, reflects her observations about gardening and the natural world. Free. Preregistration Required.

Annual SCALA book sale at UNC

Every spring the UNC Student Chapter of the American Library Association (scalaunc.weebly.com/)  has a book sale, and I think it will be April 4-8 in front of UNC's Davis Library this year, to benefit the UNC School of Information and Library Science.  Last time I went to a sale there were not a lot of political books, but that may not be the case every year.   

Friends of the Chatham County Library Spring Book Sale

The spring sale will be April 6-8th at the Chatham Community Library (on the CCCC campus, at 197 NC 87 North in Pittsboro).  Thursday and Friday the sale will be from 9am to 7pm and Saturday it will be from 9am-2pm, and the prices vary.  For details, see: friendsccl.org/     

Annual Pilgrimage for Peace and Justice

This is organized by Witness for Peace Southeast and will be April 9-14th this year.  See :   www.facebook.com/PilgrimageforJustice/?hc_ref=PAGES_TIMELINE&fref=nf  

Kim Il Sung birth anniversary

Fighter for Korean liberation from Japanese imperialism and founding leader of the DPRK Kim Il Sung was born April 15, 1912.  Many diplomatic and other contemporary documents related to Kim Il Sung are online at digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/collection/138/conversations-with-kim-il-sung and at least some of his collected works are available in English at UNC's Davis Library.   

US Tax Day

Income taxes are due April 18th (www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc301.html), though some tax resisters refuse to pay or pay less than the government expects, to oppose US militarism or for some less progressive reason. 

Earth Day

Traditionally April 22nd (also Lenin's birthday in 1870, 100 years before the first Earth Day), which is a Saturday this year.  Information about the Durham Earth Day Festival will be posted at:  keepdurhambeautiful.org/our-events/durham-earth-day/

The Kathleen Clay Library in Greensboro (1420 Price Park Road) is having its annual event April 1st, 1-5pm and is seeking tablers with hands on activities related to nature, the environment, and alternative energy; the deadline to register is February 17th (contact Melanie[dot]Buckingham[at]Greensboro-nc[dot gov].  This festival usually brings out about 2500 people.     

Friends of the Durham Library Grand Opening Sale

After the sale in February at the old location, the Main Library's Garage, there will be a spring book sale in the new location, near Sears at Northgate Mall, Friday, April 28th 3-8pm and April 29th 10am-4.  It sounds like the Friday sale will be open to non-FODL members.  There are small sales all year at each library and the Durham Co-op Market.  I think I was once told that books retired by the libraries are only sold at the big sales, but I've been wondering if that has changed.   

March for Jobs, Justice, and the Climate

There will be a demonstration for economic and environmental justice in Washington, DC Saturday, April 29th, the culmination of activism during the Trump Administration's first 100 days, organized by the People's Climate Movement.  See:   peoplesclimate.org/?source=350

May Day/International Workers' Day is Monday, May 1st and surely there will be local and national events and protests.  It is the equivalent of US Labor Day in Mexico and many other countries, though it began in the USA. 

Wake County's Annual Book Sale & Festival of Reading

Date TBA, but it will be sometime in May [May 4-7th] ; see:  www.wakegov.com/libraries/events/Pages/booksale.aspx

Victory Day

May 9th commemorates the defeat of Germany in 1945, mainly in ex-Soviet and eastern European countries. 

US Mother's Day

This holiday on Sunday, May 14th has some peace and justice roots, though it is rarely noted now.  May 14th is also UNC's Spring Commencement and I've heard that the Eno River's mountain laurels usually bloom around then, so it is a good time to visit (though many spring wildflowers bloom in March).    

World Turtle Day

World Turtle Day, May 23rd, is an annual event to increase awareness of turtles and tortoises, and was created by American Tortoise Rescue ( www.worldturtleday.org/ ).  Many turtles are unnecessarily killed on roads around here (and even turtles that look too injured to survive can recover if at least removed from the road, and if necessary taken to a wildlife rehabilitator, in part because they are cold-blooded and rugged animals), and it is possible that box turtles are in decline because of sprawl.  It might not be causing problems, but red-eared sliders, colorful aquatic turtles that used to be traded as pets, live in the Triangle and elsewhere in NC, but aren't native, while closely related yellow-bellied sliders are native.  On the coast there are issues with endangered species of sea turtle.   

World Oceans Day

This annual day for increasing awareness about the oceans and keeping them healthy will be June 8th (see:  www.worldoceansday.org/ ).    

50th anniversary of Israel's attack on the USS Liberty

The Israeli air force and navy attacked the USS Liberty in international waters off Egypt, killing 34 and injuring 171, during the 1967 war, on June 8th. 

Stop the Wars at Home and Abroad!

The United National Antiwar Coalition ( www.unacpeace.org/home.html ) will have a national conference, Stop the Wars at Home & Abroad:  Building a Movement Against War, Injustice & Repression!, June 16-18 and the Greater Richmond Convention Center in Richmond, Virginia (403 North 3rd Street).  There will be a webpage [www.unacconference2017.org/p/registration-form.html], but for now details are posted at:  www.facebook.com/events/1208020632638814/?notif_t=plan_user_joined&notif_id=1485905602475965 

Northstar Compass' final print edition content deadline

The Northstar Compass Signature Edition is coming out in October for the 100th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, and that will be the final paper edition, but the magazine, which covers communist organizing and news in the ex-Soviet states and other left news, mainly in Eastern Europe, including many photos, along with some articles on theory and Slavic culture, will continue online at:  sovietcompass.today/ and will post news from the International Council for Friendship and Solidarity with the Soviet People (USFSP is the US branch).  Content for the final issue is due by June 30th, but preferably before then, and can be sent to sovietcompass at [gmail dot com] (also copy to bwz [at] [bell dot net]) or by mail to:
 
Northstar Compass
280 Queen Street West 2nd floor [I'm not sure that "2nd floor" is unnecessary]
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5V 2A1    

They are specifically looking for short inspirational personal anecdotes about the many achievements of Soviet socialism and greetings to the Friendship House in Canada or the new online effort.  They are also looking for articles for the October issue and ideas for the website.   

Thursday, January 19, 2017

Redbay, sassafras, and the harm caused by globalization

A redbay at the NC Botanical Garden ©

Besides the near extermination of ashes and possibly other trees by the emerald ash borer, the subject of a previous post (April 16, 2016), there are a few other serious non-native threats to the integrity of North Carolina's environment, either established in nearby states or already found here (there is an overview at: ncforestservice.gov/forest_health/current_concerns.htm ). Another major threat to forest ecosystems is laurel wilt, a non-native fungal disease spread by the similarly exotic redbay ambrosia beetle, which kills trees in the laurel family, especially redbays, but also sassafras, avocados, and other species, and is already spreading in southeastern North Carolina.

In summer 2002 a USDA pilot project to detect newly arrived non-native insects, started only in 2001, caught redbay ambrosia beetles (Xyleborus glabratus) around Port Wentworth, Georgia, near Savannah. These tiny woodboring beetles, about 2 mm long, are native from eastern India and Bangladesh to Taiwan, southern Japan, and some Pacific islands, and are not a major pest there. Females were trapped in 2002, probably the first generation born in solid wooden packing material from Asia. It only takes one female to start an infestation and the beetles can complete their life cycle in as little as 40-60 days. There are multiple broods in a year and adults are around at any time of year and the winged females are most active late in the day, which is important when using some insecticides. By 2003 people realized that an unusual number of redbay trees were dying in Chatham County, Georgia (where Port Wentworth is located) and across the border in Beaufort and Jasper counties in South Carolina, and late in 2004 the cause was identified. Redbay ambrosia beetles tunnel into living trees, inoculating them with various fungi (what the beetles actually live off of), carried in pouches on the beetles' mandibles. Apparently the non-native fungus Raffaelea lauricola is what causes laurel wilt. R. lauricola spreads through a tree's xylem vessels, and the fungus itself and possibly the tree's over zealous response to the infection cuts off circulation, girdling and killing the aboveground parts of the tree over as little as 3-12 weeks. Redbay ambrosia beetles have been found carrying R. lauricola in Asia, but laurel family trees there must have co-evolved with the disease while it is a new epidemic in the Americas and can kill healthy trees. The beetles prefer large trees, mostly boring into the first 1.5 meters of the trunk, and sometimes it is possible to see tiny “sawdust toothpicks” marking the boreholes. Older trees are most at risk, but even saplings only 1 to 1.5 cm wide aren't safe. In one place in Florida redbays 1” wide or more were monitored and mortality rose from 10% to 92% in only 15 months and mortality was 98% between 2004 and 2009 on St Catherines Island, Georgia. The beetles prefer redbays (Persea borbonia) here, but have been found on non-laurels in Asia. R. lauricola has been found in live oaks, but only laurel family trees are thought to be at risk, and the fungus can be picked up and transmitted by other species of ambrosia beetle in the laboratory. There is some evidence that avocados might be getting laurel wilt from a different beetle. 

Redbay is most at risk, but swamp bays (Persea palustris) and sassafras (Sassafras albidum) are also susceptible, as are two endangered small trees, pondberry (Lindera melissifolia) and pondspice (Litsea aestivalis). In experiments, Northern spicebush (Lindera benzoin), lancewood (Nectandra coriacea), and pepperleaf sweetwood/Gulf Licaria (Licaria triandra) can get laurel wilt to some degree and these small trees/bushes grow in areas already effected by the disease, but redbay ambrosia beetles prefer trees with thicker stems. Spicebush, which grows near waterways in the Triangle, apparently does not attract the beetles, so it may be at low risk, but the beetle likes Asian spicebush. Pepperleaf sweetwood is a Federal endangered species with fewer than 12 wild trees in Miami-Dade County, Florida, but it also grows on some Caribbean islands. By 2007 avocados (P. americana) were dying in yards in Jacksonville, Florida and in 2012 laurel wilt reached commercial groves in Miami-Dade County. The West Indian variety of avocado most common in Florida also happens to be the variety most susceptible to laurel wilt, and avocados are Florida's second biggest fruit industry. On the other hand, avocados on Merritt Island, Florida were surrounded by dying redbays for 3-4 years without major problems, and the beetles reproduce poorly in avocados. A fungus carried by a different ambrosia beetle is impacting avocados in California and affects over 200 plant species, but so far it is only a Western problem. In 2013 a bay laurel, an ornamental native to the Mediterranean, growing near an infected avocado in Gainesville, Florida was killed. Tests show that redbay ambrosia beetles are attracted to and can reproduce in California laurel (Umbellularia californica), and it is susceptible to laurel wilt if the disease gets to the West. Like redbay, California laurel is valued for woodworking, which makes human spread more likely. There is a Mexican redbay that is susceptible in the lab, and there are many related trees in Latin America, some important for timber. Bay laurel and viñátigo (P. indica), a common tree in Madeira and the Canary Islands, are susceptible. Ornamental camphortrees (Cinnamomum camphora) can be killed by laurel wilt, but they co-evolved with the redbay ambrosia beetle in Asia and aren't in much danger. In Asia the beetle is found in trees like Asian spicebush (Lindera latifolia), yellow Litsea (Litsea elongata), and sal (Shorea robusta), and is not known as a pest of avocados.      
 
Sassafras grows throughout North Carolina, while redbay is found in the Coastal Plain, including Moore, Lee, Harnett, Johnston, and Wilson counties just south and east of the Triangle. There are some redbays growing behind the NC Botanical Garden's Totten Center, resembling more familiar broadleaved evergreen magnolias. Spicebush is also found throughout the state, but less so in the Coastal Plain. Pondspice grows in a few places in southeastern NC and pondberry grows in and around Bladen County, the epicenter of laurel wilt in southeast NC. 

A single female beetle is all it takes to start an infestation, and they can travel about 15-34 miles (55 km) a year, and might also be carried in the wind, but they are spreading furthest through unwitting human transportation. In 2004 laurel wilt spread to a campground at Stephen C Foster State Park in Georgia, west of the Okefeenokee National Wildlife Refuge, probably with human help, and in 2007 it spread around a hardwood mulch producer close to Nahunta, Georgia. Earlier in 2006 an infestation started on a railroad line in Jesup, Georgia near a pulp plant and state prison, either on its own or with human help (see the Georgia Forestry Commission's Distribution and Spread of Laurel Wilt Disease in Georgia: 2006-08 Survey and Field Observations, 2008). In 2009 it spread to Richmond County, Georgia, 65 km from the nearest known infestation (Evaluation of Laurel Wilt Disease in Georgia: Progression in Redbay and Sassafras - 2008-2010). The NC Forest Service hasn't disseminated information this detailed about how laurel wilt is being spread, but might if asked. Logs brought in for woodturning took the beetle to Volusia County, Florida in 2008. It has been suggested that emerald ash borers are using vehicles to travel around Russia, and it seems possible that redbay ambrosia beetles could spread that way too. Human transportation seems to have carried the beetle and its fungus to the Gulf coast of Mississippi in 2009, the Florida Panhandle in 2010, central Alabama in 2011, northern Louisiana in 2014, and East Texas in 2015. There is some evidence that the redbay ambrosia beetle spread from Georgia and northern Florida separately, or got to Georgia in 2001, not 2002. The beetle and laurel wilt are now found in southeastern North Carolina, much of South Carolina, coastal Georgia, almost every county in Florida, coastal Alabama and Mississippi, along the Louisiana/Arkansas border (it was discovered in sassafras in Arkansas last February), and in extreme East Texas.
 
Until 2009 the beetle had only gotten as far north as the area around Charleston, SC, but then it jumped to the Myrtle Beach area (Horry County) bordering NC, and in March 2011 it was suddenly found near Colly, at the eastern end of Bladen County, NC and when the NCFS looked for it, it was found in three other counties within 15 miles of the first site. Laurel wilt was found in Brunswick County in 2012, New Hanover County in 2013, and now effects nine counties in NC. I wonder if laurel wilt could have spread more than the NC Forest Service realizes. One piece of good news is that a 2008 study predicted that by 2015 laurel wilt would have spread across most of NC, except for some of the northern Piedmont and mountains, but so far it is only found in Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Duplin, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Robeson, and Sampson counties, though it is still spreading within those counties and human transportation has greatly advanced the 'schedule' in other states. At the time sassafras was a wild card and studies have now shown that the beetle tolerates cold well enough to spread throughout the eastern US.

Symptoms of laurel wilt vary by the species affected. Evergreen redbays turn wilted and brown until the entire canopy is just dead leaves. There could be signs of boring, such as sawdust and dried sap. Peeling the bark back reveals dark lines in the sapwood beneath. Stricken trees attract additional redbay ambrosia beetles and other beetle species. The black twig borer is another Asian ambrosia beetle that attacks redbays and other trees, but it only kills isolated branches. Deciduous sassafras turn brown or display their bright fall color early and lose their leaves. The fungus seems to spread through interconnected roots in sassafras and avocado groves, and may be able to do so in pondberry as well.
 
Individual trees can be protected with fungicide for one to one and a half years at a time and insecticides and beetle-killing fungi can reduce the beetle population, but there is no way to protect an entire forest. So far there don't seem to be any parasites available in Asia to naturally control redbay ambrosia beetles, in contrast to emerald ash borer. In 2006 all infested trees on public and private lands on Jekyll Island, Georgia were removed in an attempt to get rid of the beetle, but the beetle remained in 2007. Transporting untreated wood and live plants long distances is very risky, but live plants and wood from trees in the laurel family especially should not be transported out of or through infested areas. Amazingly, while NC had county quarantines and now a state quarantine against emerald ash borer, there does not seem to be a quarantine against laurel wilt (see www.dontmovefirewood.org/the-problem/state-state-information/north-carolina.html ) and some infested states lack regulations. Maybe the rationale is that redbay wood is not often cut and transported.
 
The beetles and fungus can live in a dead tree for more than a year, and, ideally, infested wood should be chipped, burned, or buried on site. Leaving infested wood exposed in a dump allows redbay ambrosia beetles to reproduce and the fungus could be picked up by other beetle species. In a study, no beetles or fungus were found 2 days after chipping, but the wood still should not be considered clean. Covering a pile of chips with plastic kills the beetles, but the chips could attract new beetles and should not be transported. Advice to Florida avocado growers claims that high-speed mechanical pruning equipment does not spread laurel wilt, but hand saws can. Wounds such as pruned branches attract beetles. Cutting roots linking trees in infested groves using trenchers, etc. might help protect trees such as sassafras once an infection starts in a grove. Coppicing might allow homeowners to keep trees alive, but at a smaller size.

Redbays if not other trees can resprout from the ground after the tops are killed and there are seeds in the soil, so they probably don't face extinction, but this new growth can get re-infected as it gets larger. Strangely, redbays often re-sprout from the roots, while thicket-forming sassafras often re-sprout from the trunk. When people talk of trees being killed by disease, it is usually unclear if they mean the entire tree is dead or if the roots are still alive, so that regeneration is possible. Also according to the Georgia Forestry Commission, dead redbays rot faster than sassafras, but sassafras wood is also supposed to be rot-resistant. Researchers are testing resistant varieties and storing germplasm for future restoration, though it may be hard to store redbay seeds longterm.

Fear of laurel wilt or other new pests should not result in the killing of healthy trees. The situation may be the same as with emerald ash borer, where studies have shown that preemptively removing ash trees is more expensive than waiting and does not stop the borer. I might have seen this happen in Durham in December, and I am not advocating pointlessly hastening the downfall of these trees.

Redbay Ecology and Culture
 
Redbay and related trees are important members of forests in the coastal plain and barrier islands and are valuable for both wildlife and humans. Redbay grows naturally in the coastal plain from southern Delaware to East Texas and into southern Arkansas, as well as the Bahamas, so I don't have a lot of personal experience with it here in the Piedmont. It typically grows near water but also sometimes in drier sandy soil, often under longleaf pines. The Bald Head Woods Reserve conserves rare maritime forest on the coast of NC, where redbay is or was an understory tree making up about 11.4% of the vegetative cover, while in Florida's Everglades, redbays make up 30% of the canopy in forested areas, and possibly more in certain habitats. The loss of redbays could greatly change ecosystems, such as by opening gaps that non-native plants will fill. Redbays can grow up to 70' tall and 3' wide and are valued as ornamentals and were used to reclaim phosphate mines. Swamp bay is similar, possibly just a subspecies of redbay, and grows in swamps over about the same range. Silkbay is another subspecies or a separate species, found in oak-pine scrub habitat in Florida.
 
US animals very threatened by the laurel wilt epidemic are Palamedes swallowtails, large black butterflies with yellow markings whose caterpillars eat mainly redbay, three tiny leafmining moths in the Phyllocnistis genus, and the redbay psyllid (Trioza magnoliae), an insect that forms swollen galls on redbay leaves. Palamedes swallowtails feed only on redbay and possibly sassafras; in experiments their caterpillars can feed on exotic camphortrees, but females don't know to lay eggs on these Asian trees. A study in Mississippi found that the swallowtails were three times less common where laurel wilt had been around for three years or longer. Palamedes swallowtails are an important pollinator of the yellow-fringed orchid (Platanthera ciliaris), and possibly related orchids with deep flowers, though the orchid also grows where these swallowtails are absent, including in the Triangle and in western NC. Spicebush swallowtails are another pollinator, and also depend on trees in the laurel family. Few other animals seem to feed on redbay leaves, and they have alternatives. Avocado weevils eat plants in the laurel family, and despite their name, might prefer redbays. Deer and black bears eat the leaves and fruit. The fruit is bitter, but is eaten by turkeys and many other birds, while bobwhites and a seed beetle eat redbay seeds. 
 
Fresh or dried leaves can be used like bay leaves in cooking. Redbay is a potential graft for avocados and a source of disease resistance through crossbreeding. According to Plants for a Future (pfaf.org), redbay had many uses in Seminole herbal medicine, such as treatment of constipation, rheumatism, fever, and to induce abortion. Bays in general are very important in Seminole and Miccosukee traditional medicine and ceremonies in Florida. Its red wood polishes well and is used in cabinetry and other interior uses and boats, but the wood is strong but brittle and straight trees are rare.

Sassafras leaves taking on fiery colors in the fall ©


Sassafras Ecology and Culture
 
Sassafras is an important but probably overlooked tree that grows throughout much of the eastern US, from southern Maine and Michigan to East Texas and the Florida Panhandle. It can grow 90' tall, 6' across, and live 1000 years (longer than oaks or UNC's ancient Davie Poplar, a huge tuliptree), but around here they are usually 15' tall or shorter. The best and most public specimen I can think of is a pretty grove of saplings about 15' tall where Barbee Road crosses over I-40 in Durham. Sassafras have very distinctive soft and aromatic leaves, which can be oval, mitten-shaped, trident-shaped, and rarely five-lobed, probably depending on the amount of shade. Sassafras fills different niches across its large range, but around here they often grow along fencerows and as understory trees in somewhat moist and rich soil near streams and on hillsides. Sassafras is somewhat common in the Triangle, but might escape notice because it is usually small.
 
Many insects feeding on sassafras, including colorful and well-known spicebush swallowtails and Promethea, Cecropia, Io moths, and several less well-known moths, sassafras borers (a long-horned beetle), and other insects, but most or all of them have options if many sassafras succumb to laurel wilt. Deer, rabbits, and groundhogs also browse on sassafras. Black bears, fox squirrels, turkeys, bobwhites, robins, towhees, mockingbirds, catbirds, pileated woodpeckers, bluebirds, phoebes, and other birds eat the late summer or fall fruit.
 
Leaves can be eaten fresh and gumbo filé and soup thickener is made from dried and powdered shoots. Tea is made by boiling the washed roots and adding sugar or using the flowers. Twigs were boiled, mixed with molasses, and fermented for beer. Various parts of sassafras were used against many illnesses, and It had such a reputation that it was a principal export of Jamestown and other English colonies. It is probably more useful for its taste than as a cure, and has been used in soap, perfumes, and flavoring. Sassafras' popularity came to an end when the FDA classified its oil, safrole, as carcinogenic, though the risk might be overstated. Safrole is used to make the drug ecstasy, but the oil is usually harvested from related trees. Sassafras is also a source of dye. Sassafras wood is fragrant and was used in beds and chicken coops in an attempt to repel pests, as well as for posts, railroad ties, barrels, buckets, furniture, finishing, boats, and dugout canoes, as it resists rot and shrinkage.     
A grove of miniature sassafras in January ©
 
Laurel Wilt and Imperialist Globalization

Laurel wilt is a disaster that could have been prevented and is only one of several invasive pests harming trees in the US in recent years, and non-natives species that run wild are a major problem worldwide, rarely highlighted by opponents of “free trade.” Changes in global trade patterns have caused trends in the organisms that reach the US and become established, despite the enactment of Federal regulations since 1912. A 2010 study (Historical Accumulation of Nonindigenous Forest Pests in the Continental United States, posted online) found that about 2.5 established non-native forest pests were detected per year from 1860 to 2006 (though studies of aquatic and other habitats have found accelerating colonization rates), but the most damaging pests (all 16 microbes and 62 insects, 14% of the insect total of 455 species) were discovered at a rate of one about every 2 to 2.5 years. The rate varied by how the pests live, so the highest rate of detection of leaf eating pests in the USA was around the 30's, while sap-feeding insects peaked in the early 1900s, but had a smaller secondary peak in the late 20th century that the study left unexplained. Discovery of high-impact pests and phloem vessel and woodboring insects has greatly increased since the 80's. 56% of the new insects detected between 1980 and 2006 were in this borer category. 56% of the high-impact pests with known detection dates came before 1930 and then fewer were detected per year until the trend greatly reversed around 1990, so that 24% of the total were detected after 1990. Since 1990 an average of 1.2 high-impact pests have been found per year, almost three times the rate from 1860 to 1990. 44% of the insects found between 1999 and 2006 were in the high-impact category. The study suggests that the rate has increased because of the use of wood in containerized shipping and heightened vigilance. In Canada detections peaked in the 40's-50's but only declined in the 80's, which a study attributed to new laws across the border in the US and a 1976 Canadian phytosanitary law, but I wonder if this could also relate to Canada's changing relations with US and British imperialism, effecting who Canada trades with and what laws are made.

Globalization seeks to 'flatten' the world, and in a sense that could mean our forests will be flattened, in exchange for greater business profits. Any long-distance trade and travel gives exotic organisms a chance to hitch a ride, but offshoring factories just to exploit workers and resources in other countries and importing labor rather than paying higher wages to attract workers who are already here increases the chance that something disastrous will become established. American species, from goldenrods to largemouth bass, likewise cause problems when transported to new places. In the Eastern US there has already been significant to catastrophic damage to American chestnuts, elms, Fraser fir, hemlocks, ashes, American beech, flowering dogwoods, butternut, black walnut, bays, sassafras, Western soapberry, and other trees, and serious threats to oaks and pines are waiting in the wings, in addition to damage caused by bad land management, the extinction of native animals that were beneficial for plants, competition with non-natives, air pollution, and climate change. Harm to trees in turn affects other plants and animals and the human inhabitants of this forested region.

 
National Invasive Species Awareness Week is February 27-March 3 ( www.nisaw.org/ )!

Some links about laurel wilt:

ncforestservice.gov/forest_health/forest_health_laurelwiltfaq.htm

terrain.org/articles/22/cerulean.htm

About ambrosia beetles:


About sassafras:
 
About redbay:
 
About the Palamedes swallowtail:

entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/bfly/palamedes_swallowtail.htm

General non-native issues: